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From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

@mslaas: I take your point, but I don't think you can separate sexism in kitchens from gender in cooking--both, I think, are social constructions with serious real-world effects.
anyway. if you want to see a little more of what i'm thinking about this, it's here: http://wordyappetites.blogspot.com/

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

Hi all,
Gwen here. Got a couple of things to say.

First, thanks, Ed, for such a lovely post on the event.
Second: I'm feeling like I really need to defend myself here: I seem to have been seriously misheard! My fault, I suppose, for depending on sarcasm and air quotes! Guess I should have been clearer.

So: let's be very clear.
I do *not* believe that women cook more subtly, with more heart, from the reproductive organs, etc etc etc. I was playing with stereotype, trying to show how ridiculous those ideas are. To wit: we say ("we" being stereotype) at the same time that the same dish (for instance, a really hearty pork dish) is:
a) "cuisine grandmere," the product of years of home-cooking, a means of feeding up one's men, cooking from the heart, etc--thus "female"
b) manly, tough, rich cooking, a means of demonstrating your culinary conjones--the kind of stuff skinny women would never eat--thus "male"

...in other words: instead of talking about inherent differences in food, it's more usefl and more interesting to talk about how we talk about food--that is, how we *construct* it as gendered. And it's really important to talk (as I tried to do) about the effects of culture and economics on women in the kitchen and our perceptions of them.

It's true that I talked about spicy food as inappropriate for women because it "inflames the passions"--but I *did* mention that this is how people thought about spicy food for women IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. It's not, in fact, something that I believe! I was trying to make the point that there really is no "science" of "male" or "female" cooking!

As I said at the end of the forum, I really, really, REALLY do NOT believe in inherent, somehow biological differences between men and women that cause them to cook (or think, or write, or work in other ways) differently than men. As a scholar who has worked a whole lot on gender, I believe very strongly in the effects of culture and tradition--and nothing is more tradition-bound than the restaurant kitchen. I think it's hugely important to look at how women are perceived in the kitchen and to investigate the sources and effects of those means of looking--because otherwise, women will continue to be kept out of culinary power in the majority of cases.

So: for instance: when people say women cook "from the heart," what they're really saying is that women are more empathetic and less intelligent than the brainy men who cook from the head (that whole thing about men cooking more refined food, molecular gastronomy etc etc). As (ahem) a woman who likes to use her brain, this is not what I think. Instead, what I think is actually the case is that:

a) women have been discouraged from becoming "molecular gastronomists" in the same way that they have been discouraged from becoming scientists--by a lack of mentoring, by the old-boys-club world that is higher education in the sciences, by people like Larry Summers insisting women can't "do science," etc--a sensibility that trickles down right through the science education program in schools

b) just as women in science often aren't taken seriously, so women in cooking are often not taken seriously by the foodpress, and by many bloggers. When women and men cook the same dishes, they are talked about in different ways--and the homey grandmere thing gets perpetuated. Women have considerably less access to the foodpress, I think, and when they do have access, they are often written about as being "women chefs," and the language used to describe them is feminized to a huge degree. And when this happens, diners tend to perceive these women and the food they make in the same way. Women who cook are put in a different category than men who cook, and that's really unfortunate.

c) Women who cook still have considerably less access than men to backers; they are still taken less seriously; they still need to prove themselves a thousand times over. We may be over the days when certain pastry kitchens featured pictures of women naked but for drizzles of chocolate--but we are certainly not in an equitable labor situation.

I know many cooks who are women. I would never presume to think that I could tell their gender by their food; I have tremendous respect for their ability to make their way in a profession that sets up huge barriers to their success. They are, to a woman, smart, tough, uncompromising, ambitious, talented--that is, they have all the ingredients to be great chefs, and then some.

So: mea culpa if I was misunderstood. (And sorry for hijacking your blog with this long post, Ed!) Hope this clears things up--
Gwen

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From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

@mslaas: I take your point, but I don't think you can separate sexism in kitchens from gender in cooking--both, I think, are social constructions with serious real-world effects.
anyway. if you want to see a little more of what i'm thinking about this, it's here: http://wordyappetites.blogspot.com/

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

Hi all,
Gwen here. Got a couple of things to say.

First, thanks, Ed, for such a lovely post on the event.
Second: I'm feeling like I really need to defend myself here: I seem to have been seriously misheard! My fault, I suppose, for depending on sarcasm and air quotes! Guess I should have been clearer.

So: let's be very clear.
I do *not* believe that women cook more subtly, with more heart, from the reproductive organs, etc etc etc. I was playing with stereotype, trying to show how ridiculous those ideas are. To wit: we say ("we" being stereotype) at the same time that the same dish (for instance, a really hearty pork dish) is:
a) "cuisine grandmere," the product of years of home-cooking, a means of feeding up one's men, cooking from the heart, etc--thus "female"
b) manly, tough, rich cooking, a means of demonstrating your culinary conjones--the kind of stuff skinny women would never eat--thus "male"

...in other words: instead of talking about inherent differences in food, it's more usefl and more interesting to talk about how we talk about food--that is, how we *construct* it as gendered. And it's really important to talk (as I tried to do) about the effects of culture and economics on women in the kitchen and our perceptions of them.

It's true that I talked about spicy food as inappropriate for women because it "inflames the passions"--but I *did* mention that this is how people thought about spicy food for women IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. It's not, in fact, something that I believe! I was trying to make the point that there really is no "science" of "male" or "female" cooking!

As I said at the end of the forum, I really, really, REALLY do NOT believe in inherent, somehow biological differences between men and women that cause them to cook (or think, or write, or work in other ways) differently than men. As a scholar who has worked a whole lot on gender, I believe very strongly in the effects of culture and tradition--and nothing is more tradition-bound than the restaurant kitchen. I think it's hugely important to look at how women are perceived in the kitchen and to investigate the sources and effects of those means of looking--because otherwise, women will continue to be kept out of culinary power in the majority of cases.

So: for instance: when people say women cook "from the heart," what they're really saying is that women are more empathetic and less intelligent than the brainy men who cook from the head (that whole thing about men cooking more refined food, molecular gastronomy etc etc). As (ahem) a woman who likes to use her brain, this is not what I think. Instead, what I think is actually the case is that:

a) women have been discouraged from becoming "molecular gastronomists" in the same way that they have been discouraged from becoming scientists--by a lack of mentoring, by the old-boys-club world that is higher education in the sciences, by people like Larry Summers insisting women can't "do science," etc--a sensibility that trickles down right through the science education program in schools

b) just as women in science often aren't taken seriously, so women in cooking are often not taken seriously by the foodpress, and by many bloggers. When women and men cook the same dishes, they are talked about in different ways--and the homey grandmere thing gets perpetuated. Women have considerably less access to the foodpress, I think, and when they do have access, they are often written about as being "women chefs," and the language used to describe them is feminized to a huge degree. And when this happens, diners tend to perceive these women and the food they make in the same way. Women who cook are put in a different category than men who cook, and that's really unfortunate.

c) Women who cook still have considerably less access than men to backers; they are still taken less seriously; they still need to prove themselves a thousand times over. We may be over the days when certain pastry kitchens featured pictures of women naked but for drizzles of chocolate--but we are certainly not in an equitable labor situation.

I know many cooks who are women. I would never presume to think that I could tell their gender by their food; I have tremendous respect for their ability to make their way in a profession that sets up huge barriers to their success. They are, to a woman, smart, tough, uncompromising, ambitious, talented--that is, they have all the ingredients to be great chefs, and then some.

So: mea culpa if I was misunderstood. (And sorry for hijacking your blog with this long post, Ed!) Hope this clears things up--
Gwen

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

It would have been interesting to see what dishes would have been made had the chefs not known that they were going to be judged for gender.

As in, would some have made stuff that "sterotypically" would have been the other gender anyway? Or would things actually fall along the theoretical stereotypes on male vs female cooking that you guys brought up? Clearly this was not intended as a big scientific study that would reach statistical significance...but double-blinding would have been nice.

I think it probably wouldn't necessarily have made a difference in the ability of the judges to determine who cooked the food (since I agree that factors other than sex are more important), but it would at least seem to be less intentional in getting the judges to guess wrong.

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

Gwen's explaination in the comments makes plenty of sense, though I think perhaps the Astor Center panel asked the wrong questions and that muddled the issue. What I take from Gwen's post is that there's sexism in restaurant kitchens, not that chefs' cooking is gendered. And of course that's important to talk about and understand the reasons why.

Restaurant sexism has assuredly been a part of the French haute cuisine tradition. Good rundown on this is here: ttp://www.stratsplace.com/rogov/women_chefs.html Also, "The Taste of America" by John and Karen Hess also touch on this, particularly on some sexist claptrap said by Paul Bocuse about how women could never be chefs.

In France, there's a distinction drawn between haute cuisine (in restaurants, prepared by men) and la cuisine de la bonne femme (at home, prepared by women). Logically, one is not better then the other, but which one has been accorded glory?

With the cooking and eating stunt I think the panel was trying to touch on the gender issues inherent in consumption of food, which to me is most interesting: why would a pink cocktail be girly? Why is red meat for dudes, while salads are for women? Some background on this can be found in Laura Shapiro's wonderful books "Something from the Oven" and "Perfection Salad."

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

@bodyk--I guess I was lucky. The chef I worked for while I was in culinary school was good like that. However, the absolute worst I've ever worked with was a "chef professor" (who had not cooked in a commerical kitchen in 20 years) who was waiting tables at the same restaurant during the summer. I was cooking on the line, and he didn't appreciate that. He went to the (real) chef and said " Why don't you get the skirts off the line and put them back on pantry where they belong." I went freaking BALISTIC. Needless to say, his entrees took twice as long as anyone else's for me to cook and plate. And if he complained, I simply told him "my skirt got in the way. guess you'll have to wait." A week later I overheard him complaining about his diminishing tips.

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

@Gwen - All your points are good, but unfortunately none of them came through in this post.

@bodyk - The problem is getting "the Boss" to let you have a chance.

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

In my experience, once you show the Boss you can do the job it doesn't metter who you are.

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

My inclination is that cooking is a lot like film directing in this respect. You can direct a movie with a perspective that is heavily influenced by your gender, or not. A male director is probably never going to get the female perspective right and a female director is never going to get the male perspective right, but that's not to say that they can't both come awfully close, or even make a gender-neutral statement. If the analogy holds, then it may also be the case that women are more often aware of when they are injecting their gender perspective into the final product.

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

i think a more accurate assessment would have been to have the chefs cook normally, without knowing the guessing game that would take place. they should have been told to cook to impress. the chefs trying to persuade the judges to guess male or female completely confounds this study and makes any results and gender differences difficult to determine.

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

@kevster--yes, I should have been more direct. I understand the concept of a 'loaded question,' but especially given the subject of the post, I think a less offensive one could have been chosen. Although it says something about the English language that the question is one that springs to mind, rather than "did you stop stealing the cookies," for example.

On topic, on an individual level, yes, everyone is the sum of there experiences so by definition, men and women have different experiences and those differences will be expressed in all of the actions of that individual. The question of whether stereotypically male and female styles are useful constructions to evaluate food seems silly, especially with professional cooks, as I said, for whom I think past experiences and technique have far greater influence than gender. (In personal, home cooking, I think 'gendered' socialization in regards to food probably has more of an influence.)

From Serious Eats

Do Men Cook Differently Than Women in Restaurants? Can You Tell the Difference?

There is no gender in a kitchen when you have 10 entrees that need to be plated NOW or reaching for an artistic ideal.

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