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The Microwave Oven: Do You Actually Cook With Yours?

20071015microwave.jpgThe Minimalist, Mark Bittman, and the Curious Cook, Harold McGee, pose all kinds of interesting questions and provide answers about the microwave oven, the kitchen appliance we all love to hate, in today's New York Times.

Bittman's fundamental question: We all use a microwave, but can we make it cook?

His conclusion, one he came to through trial and error and by interviewing Microwave Gourmet author Barbara Kafka, is that microwaves are great for steaming everything from vegetables to puddings both sweet and savory.

What do Kafka and McGee have to say about microwaving?

From Kafka, the acknowledged microwave cooking expert, we learn we should not trust the microwave cooking times we see in older recipes because microwave ovens are now more than 50 percent more powerful than they once were. She says to check the label to see the wattage and "go slowly—you can always add, but you can't take away."

McGee tells us that putting metal in a microwave is perfectly safe. Just "don't put (metal) bowls or (aluminum) foil too close to each other, or the oven walls, since that can cause sparking. Metal fork tines are especially likely to spark."

I don't know, I've seen the sparking he refers to, and I for one do not plan on putting any metal in our microwave anytime soon.

McGee recommends using a microwave for popcorn flavored with spices, nonerupting polenta, and hot foamed milk for coffee.

What do you use your microwave for? Has your opinion about microwave ovens changed after reading Bittman and McGee?

19 Comments:

Uhm, i use my microwave to heat up small amounts of water (say for proofing yeast) and to defrost my frozen english muffins enough that i can split them in two and throw 'em in the toaster. That's about it...

There are currently 38 related comments in a Talk thread begun March 31st, "Is there life without a microwave?"

water. rice. leftovers.

i think is is great for heating up rice that has been in the fridge.

Believe it or not, I make a killer apple crisp in the microwave. It lives out true to its name and is wonderfully crispy, and tastes like it came from the oven. Mmmmmm.

I use the microwave for all kinds of wet cooking where I don't care that it won't brown. Steaming veggies, cooking hot cereal, heating milk, etc. I also use my microwave extensively for defrosting solid meats (for some reason it doesn't handle frozen, ground meat very well).

I think the key to cooking with a microwave is that, like on a range, just because there is a High setting, you shouldn't always use it. It's a shame that all microwaves default to High, because it's really only appropriate for boiling water.

I was actually quite shocked that McGee said it's not dangerous to put metal in the microwave. When I was 9 years old, my friend and I decided to experiment with putting aluminum foil in the microwave. The sparks were really cool (especially to a couple of geeky 9 year old boys), but after a few rounds of pyrotechnic experimentation, the glass tray at the bottom of the microwave spontaneously exploded into innumerable shards.

Luckily neither one of us was hurt--the microwave door was open but we weren't close by when it happened. We did have a huge mess of broken glass to clean up, and a lot of explaining to do with my friend's parents when they got home.

But to say it's not dangerous is just plain wrong. Take McGee's advice on most things, but not this one!

A follow-up to my comment above: it really is worth it to invest in a microwave oven with a Inverter, which actually varies the instantaneous power to the tube. It's an enormous improvement over the old-fashioned "chopper" style power controls that just cycle the tube on and off from 100% to 0% to lower the average power over time.

I make a really awesome tilapia in the microwave, covered with a seal of plastic wrap. About three minutes on each side, and it comes out moist and delicious.

@jamieforrest:

A a physics student in college, we used to put all kinds of crazy things in the microwave in the student lounge. The best was a standard lightbulb; it lit up like those cheesy "Plasma Balls" they sell at Brookstone. The thing was, we knew exactly what was happening in the oven and took (mostly) appropriate safety precautions.

So, I think a more appropriate statement would be that metal in the microwave -can- be dangerous, but it is not categorically so. I have seen many microwave cookbooks suggest putting foil over the corners of a casserole in order to prevent "dry corners".

You just have to be careful - putting foil in the microwave and running it over and over again without opening the door will superheat the air inside eventually, causing problems.

Besides reheating leftovers, I use my microwave mostly for softening butter & for making custards/puddings when I can't be bothered to stand & stir for ages.

I do the usual water boiling, reheating, and defrosting, but I sometimes "bake" chicken leg quarters in the microwave when I'm in a hurry, then broil it for a few minutes to crisp the skin up. I have a chicken dinner in under 15 minutes.

When my oven broke last fall, I was tempted to try one of the many micowave oven baking recipes for cookies, but I never got around to it.

Oh yeah, I also steam veggies in it--especially halved acorn squash when I need it in a pinch.

Ok, so here's why you should be careful of metal in the microwave:

A microwave isn't like a standard oven, in that it doesn't cook food by getting it "hot". Microwaves (the waves, not the ovens) are short electromagnetic waves. When a microwave passes through food, the food is exposed to the alternating magnetic field in the wave. Water - the major component in all our food - is a polar molecule, meaning it has a magnetic north and a magnetic south pole. When a water molecule is exposed to the alternating magnetic field in the microwave, it vibrates as it tries to align itself with the magnetic field. Lots of water molecules vibrating together cause friction, and friction heats up your food.

if a conventional oven cooks your food with heat, a microwave oven cooks your food with friction. That also explains why sometimes microwaved food seems to cook from the inside out, or why half your potato can be cooked but the other half is cold; the waves bounce around in the oven and can leave dead spots where the magnetic field doesn't reach. (Ergo: the invention of the carousel that spins your plate around.)

Getting back to metal: the same microwaves that cause water molecules to vibrate can start a current in metal. The sparks you see flying off the ends of a fork? That's a sign that an electric current is moving from one end of the fork to the other, looking for ground. (Or a fire, whichever happens first.)

After a bachelor's in Physics, I've never put metal in the microwave and never will.

Here are the basic rules for putting metal in the microwave:

- the wavelength of a microwave in an oven is 12cm; so anything smaller than this in length will not conduct any appreciable current. This is why you can use staples to close bags of popcorn or other en papillote food.

- metal insulated by plastic or ceramic can't arc to anywhere, but gets hot as it builds an electric field. This is what makes Hot Pocket sleeves and Mini Pizza browning trays work (yes, they have aluminium particles in them).

- the breakdown of electricity in air is about 30kV/cm. The voltage of a microwave oven tube is about 5.6kV. This means arcing will only occur if two metal points are less than a few millimeters apart. This is easy to do by crumpling up foil, or by using a small fork. Otherwise, keep metal at least a couple of centimeters apart and you'll be fine.

This is from someone who paid attention in college E&M class...

I second the "metal in a microwave is okay in certain instances" argument above. The microwave in my apartment actually has a metal rack built into it. And I also use Alton Brown's idea for microwaving popcorn & olive oil in a brown bag with a staple in it frequently with no problems whatsoever.

Microwaves got a bad rap from the 80s when people thought they could be used for anything. Anyone who had to endure a rubbery chicken breast because mom didn't have time to make a full meal knows what I'm talking about.

But the problem is once you accept that a microwave isn't good for everything it loses a lot of it's convenience. If I have to fire up the stove anyways, I might as well boil the water there.

It is still nice for making 90% of the meal in the oven and then just steaming the vegetables right before you eat, but that's about it.

o I reheat my oatmeal (which my partner cooks on the stovetop) almost every day in the microwave, often with a spoon in the bowl. (He eats about an hour ealier than I do while I am at the gym.) It NEVER sparks.
o Sometimes when trying to get the last bit of honey out of a container, I'll put it in the microwave and if there's a small bit of that metallic cover that's used as a seal left around the rim, it will surely spark.
o My mother's good china with the metal rim sparks for a few seconds and then stops.
o My own microwave has a metal rack in it that is always left in the microwave oven and never causes any sparks.
o My mother overcooked a baked potato in her microwave. She's not sure if it caught fire, but it certainly smoldered, smoked, and burnt out the oven.
o When people heard that nuking a sponge on high for two minutes would kill bacteria in the sponge, many didn't realize that the sponge had to be moist. The dry sponges caught fire.
o In college (more than 20 years ago) a friend reheated a hot dog on a foil lined plate and wrapped in a napkin. It caught fire.

My point with all these examples is that people can always misuse appliances and defy safety instructions, sometimes causing fire sometimes causing no damage whatsoever. We all know that safety precautions that come with appliances are oversimplified and that through normal use of a product many of these precautions might never be necessary. Manufacturers (seeking to limit liability?) overcompensate giving blanket, un-nuanced precautions because they're trying to impress upon people, "Hey, don't be stupid!"

I think telling folks not to use metal in the microwave to avoid fires is like telling people to eat a low fat diet to lose weight. Some metals are OK in the microwave and do not cause sparks. Some fats (omega-3s, monounsaturated fats, even some naturally occuring cis-trans fats) are desirable in the diet and we need more of these. Certainly advising people to never use metal in a microwave means no sparks and presumably no fires. But my mother proved that overcooking even a potato (not even foil wrapped) can ruin a microwave.

When we were without cooking gas for a period of several weeks, I learned how to make the best 10-minute cake. My microwave was a life-saver and the meals that I learned to make changed the way I saw microwave cooking forever.

Not everything worked so well, but we got along quite nicely without conventional cooking methods.

With 7 kids, it's a real help when I don't have an extra burner and need something heated or re-heated quickly.

I use mine everyday! Yesterday it was boneless leg of lamb, and the day before a crustless crab quiche. I also make baked apples, stuffed pork chops, and just about everything else. Fish and veggies are fantastic and my omlettes are almost like souffles. I have never used the regular oven in my current house and have lived here 9 years! Although I do use the cooktop. I purchased my first microwave in 1971 - that one lasted 23 years. Unfortunately, they no longer come with an interior shelf and they all seem to have a carousel. It really doesn't take much to stop it and turn the dish.

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