Do Apples Make You Hungrier?

I have no scientific evidence to back this up, but I believe snacking on apples makes me hungrier. Reaching for an apple, I'm usually just peckish. Then I crunch, crunch, crunch and BAM. I finish, but in an altered, ravenous state. Something in that fruit stimulates the hypothalamic receptors, and my stomach starts doing hunger somersaults, growling up a storm. It's annoying, and makes me mad at apples, yet I continue to eat them.
Fellow Serious Eater Michele backs me up: "Even when I eat a full meal, then have an apple for dessert, I'm hungry again after. It gives me a gnawing feeling in the belly, like it's empty again."
Does this make any sense to anyone else?
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38 Comments:
Yes yes yes! I was beginning to think this was my own little bit of craziness. I can never, ever carry an apple with me for a snack, because if I get hungry during the day, I know that the apple isn't going to help (and in fact, will make the problem worse).
I'm glad to hear there are others out there who agree with me!
jessie at 8:04PM on 12/12/08
I agree. I wonder if there is something about the particular apple variety's acidity--I prefer tart apples, what about you? I know that certain foods such as pickles are known for stimulating the appetite. So, is it perhaps just how tart they are?
dhorst at 8:07PM on 12/12/08
I can relate but not with apples. For me, carrots have that same effect. I cannot eat carrot sticks, baby carrots, etc. as a snack. I really thought I was crazy, too, since everyone touts the wonders of carrots as a healthy snack food.
holdthemayo at 8:41PM on 12/12/08
Totally agree. I'm so glad to find out it's not just me!
buffy at 8:59PM on 12/12/08
I can only eat apples as a snack if there is also cheese involved. I get so hungry I feel like puking other wise
hannah_phi at 9:04PM on 12/12/08
Yep. I'm with you!
Ali at 9:06PM on 12/12/08
I recall reading about a study that indicated that eating a piece of fruit when hungry actually jump-starts your metabolism, like a little jolt of sugar that leaves your body craving more. If I remember correctly, you are also more likely to overeat as a result. I tried to find the study online, and can't, so I wouldn't swear by what I've written. Anybody else know more about this?
Olho de Gato at 9:08PM on 12/12/08
The enzymes in apples do help speed up your digestion, I'll wager that is what you find happening to you.
Mares at 9:24PM on 12/12/08
omg. That explains me perfectly. Something odd that I noticed and I couldn't explain why! Ugh it's annoying but I'm with y'all, I still eat them =D
avocadoboba at 9:42PM on 12/12/08
It might have something to do with the size of the apple you've eaten. My girlfriend and I went to the store to buy apples for pie and found a jonagold that weighed in at a pound. Even the average ones at the Kroger near me fill me up pretty well. After one of those, I'm anything but "ravenous."
shoneyjoe at 10:04PM on 12/12/08
Yes! I thought it was just me! Also, the only thing that really quenches my thirst is water ... other things seem to make me thirstier - especially Coke.
caramel at 10:10PM on 12/12/08
An apple only has about 100 calories, nearly all of which are from carbohydrates. Most of the carbs in apples are fructose which is even worse for satiety - fructose is actually metabolized and stored as fat, where as sucrose (the other major sugar in apples) gets dumped into the blood stream. This does almost nothing for satiety as they are rapidly broken down and dumped into the blood stream. The result: your blood sugar goes up a bit, insulin is released, and then quickly comes back down.
Protein, on the other hand, is very satiating to the appetite. For example, one egg also has about 100 calories but will make you feel satiated far longer than an apple.
Apples also contain a lot of fiber and pectin, as well as a phytonutrient called quercetin. Quercetin is a wonderful flavonoid which inhibits histamine release (I live on the stuff for my allergies), and may have some anti-tumor propoerties. However, I don't know about apples containing special "enzymes" that help speed up digestion as another commenter stated.
Apples are still a wonderful snack - don't give up on them! Just pair them with a protein and they'll have much greater staying power. One commenter suggested cheese; here in New England I think cheddar would be customary and delicious. Or, try peanut butter -- 3T of peanut butter has about 12g of protein (nearly the same as 2 eggs). I often eat an apple with 3T of peanut butter for breakfast and it keeps me going all day. I think cashew or almond butter would be especially yummy.
ilovebutter at 10:50PM on 12/12/08
@dhorst: I would think acidity of the variety would have something to do with it. But, it's not the acidity, rather it's the reduced sugar that would cause the effect with apples. Tart apples would have enough sugar to get your body excited for a meal, but not enough for a glycemic payoff.
As for pickles... I don't think it's the acid that stimulates the appetite. I think it's a similiar effect - you're eating a really low calorie food, but your body is expecting a bigger one.
Incidentally... I have a degree in nutritional science with a special interest in cooking. I'm thinking of starting a blog talking about food, nutrition, recipes, and health. Does anyone have some feedback on this idea? Any topics you would like to see addressed (this apple question would be perfect)? And most importantly, a name? :)
ilovebutter at 10:55PM on 12/12/08
count me in as feeling worse {as in hungrier} after eating apples and carrots on an empty stomach.
cybercita at 11:01PM on 12/12/08
Ah! I back you up 100%. My classmate and I have discussed this numerous times!
NAOmni
notanotheromnivore.blogspot.com
NAOmni at 11:38PM on 12/12/08
@ilovebutter: I would definitely be interested.
My favorite pairing with apples is some Laughing Cow spreadable garlic & herb cheese.
kathryn at 11:40PM on 12/12/08
Hell YES. I had canvassed some friends about this a few years ago and basically just got you-so-crazy looks.
@ilovebutter - thanks for the info!
I've personally been enjoying Gala apples with slices of smoked gouda lately. yummyummyummy
francie at 12:11AM on 12/13/08
I think it depends on the size of the apple, as mentioned above. I'll eat the large apples in place of chips with a sandwich and it's much more filling.
omarac at 1:45AM on 12/13/08
yes! no matter the variety.
I once saw a weight loss plan instructing you to eat an apple half an hour before a meal. I literally laughed outloud.
valarie at 2:21AM on 12/13/08
Hmm...now that I think about it, I realise that much as I love apples, in the last couple of years I haven't eaten an apple on its own - always with cheese. A sliced apple with smoked Gouda and/or brie and/or havarti is my go to "dinner alone" when my OH is out of town and it really fills me up.
brooke29 at 2:43AM on 12/13/08
A slice of apple topped with almost any kind of cheese and caraway seeds.
Ok. It has to be a firm cheese, bleu, goat and cream don't work with the caraway but they do work with the apple..
@ilovebutter~That is an awesome idea!
FoodScienceGirlLikestoCook. I'll keep thinking, that just jumped out...
carolrsfMISSESTEXAS at 4:28AM on 12/13/08
Oh my good heavens...I thought it was just me! Apples make me ravenous, and apple juice just messes with my head. Paired with some good sharp cheddar, or even some creamy PB, apples do make a decent snack, though. (Is any fruit NOT better with cheddar? Seriously!)
Teahlo at 5:00AM on 12/13/08
The fat in the cheese and the peanut butter also helps with satiety: eating protein+a little fat+non-processed carbs will actually fill you up, for longer and keep glucose levels steadier.
Melp at 7:10AM on 12/13/08
Eh, I don’t feel any hungrier after eating an apple. Though eating lots of fruits is a good side effect.
Zelnox at 9:21AM on 12/13/08
I hypothesize that applies aren't really food y'know, with the almost lack of nutrition & stuff. They're just packing peanuts for the stomach.
BRash at 11:05AM on 12/13/08
ilovebutter, I never mentioned any "special" enzymes in apples, but they, like every other thing on the planet, do contain enzymes. Apples do have fiber, and natural sugars, without those natural sugars, the fiber wouldn't break down so easily.
The components of an apple are perfectly in balance, and you wouldn't get fat eating apples, because the natural sugars in the fruit are pretty much used up breaking down the fiber.
Fruits tend to be rich in enzymes, and are not only easily digestable, they can help aid the digestion of other foods. Some in fact, if paired with vegetables and other foods that can cause gas, will reduce or counter it.
Mares at 12:01PM on 12/13/08
I love apples with peanut butter, and do find them more easily digested that way. That was my go-to snack when pregnant and starving.
buffy at 12:20PM on 12/13/08
Apples with cheese or dipped in yogurt is the only way I can do them. I've powered down two big honeycrisps and been starving 10 minutes later. The fat in cheese or yogurt keeps you satisfied longer.
mangabanga at 12:36PM on 12/13/08
To those who suffer from constipation, a Granny Smith apple first thing in the morning (with no other food, just water) will have profound effects. Careful how far you venture out after trying this.
Leper at 12:37PM on 12/13/08
@Mares - could you clarify this statement: "... you wouldn't get fat eating apples, because the natural sugars in the fruit are pretty much used up breaking down the fiber."
That's not making sense to me -- "fiber" is basically non-digestible carbihydrates including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin (there are other forms, but these are predominant in apples). These fibers form the structure of the plant cells and basically keep the intracellular contents from leaking out. The sugars are stored in the vacuoles of the plant cells. If the sugars can break down the fiber, the apple would literally digest its self - the sugars would break down the cell walls, and eventually you would be left with a pile of mush even before it left the grocery store shelf.
Apples are about 14% carbohydrates of which is fiber (2.4%), fructose (5.9%), sucrose (2.1%), and glucose (2.4%) (Source: USDA National Nutrient Database).
The digestion of sugars and fiber from the wee apple are completely different processes:
The sucrose is cleaved by sucrase (secreted by the small intestinal cells) to form glucose and fructose. The glucose enters the blood stream to be used immediately for energy, refill glycogen stores, and the rest of stored as fat (the amount in an apple will likely all be used for energy).
The fructose goes to the liver where it is metabolized to glyceraldehyde (GA), dihydroxyacetone (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). The GA and DHAP create glycerol-3-phosphate which makes the backbone of a triglyceride (fat). The G3P is converted to pyruvate, then acetyl-CoA, and then enters the Krebs Cycle where it eventually is turned into palmitate (free fatty acids). Three palmitates attach to the glycerol molecule to form a tri-glyceride -- the body's storage form of fat.
Thus, the metabolic fate of fructose is fat, whereas glucose is (typically) energy.
Humans can't digest fiber (if they could it would be called carbohydrate). Some of the fiber is partially broken down by the bacteria in your gut to form short chain fatty acids which are absorbed and used for energy. The rest passes to the feces giving it bulk and absorbing bile on its way (this is good - it helps protect against colon cancer and can help reduce your body's net cholesterol burden).
As for constipation... that's due to the fiber adding bulk to the feces. But apples are special because they contain more pectin than many other fruits/veggies -- pectin is a soluble fiber, so it absorbs water giving stool greater bulk and making it easier to pass.
ilovebutter at 4:37PM on 12/13/08
The opposite! When I'm starved but it's not mealtime, an apple often doesn't seem appealing, but when I do eat one I find it incredibly satisfying, more so than any other fruit.
bonnie at 4:42PM on 12/13/08
I totally agree about eating the apple with something else. If I eat an apple with my english muffin for breakfast, I stay full way longer than an english muffin alone. But I long ago learned I can't eat just an apple for breakfast or I feel just awful all day long.
Matcha at 4:47PM on 12/13/08
@ Ilovebutter, actually, the DHAP from fructose breakdown will convert to glyceraldehyde 3P via an aldolase and yes, eventually make it to pyruvate. But pyruvate has several fates within the cell. It's the ultimate end product of glycolysis, so glucose will also form pyruvate. Depending on cellular energy stores, and hormonal signaling, pyruvate can become oxaloacetate (OAA), combine with another AcetylCoa to form citric acid, and then be burned completely to CO2 in the TCA (or Krebs) cycle. Or if cellular energy (ATP) levels are high and there's an excess of citric acid, the citric acid will be shuttled outside of the mitochondria, returning to the cytosol to become a precursor for fatty acid synthesis. So it really all depends on energy state and hormonal signaling (for example, glucagon signaling will inhibit glycolysis in the liver and the liver will preferentially breakdown fatty acids during a fast).
Aynsl156 at 8:41PM on 12/13/08
@Aynsl156 - agreed for hepatocytes. However, fructose is not burned for energy by other cells unless it is first converted to glucose (since fructose can't leave the liver). That distinction is important.
Biochemistry aside, a number of studies have shown that feeding diets high in fructose raise triglyceride and VLDL levels compared to high glucose diets. These results indicate fructose primarily winds up as fat, rather than glucose. For all intents and purposes, fructose should be considered a fat rather than a carbohydrate. (If you disagree, I'll have to direct you to my nutritional biochemistry professor; that was his statement in the lecture.)
I so
ilovebutter at 11:59PM on 12/13/08
YES!! In fact, I just had one yesterday and I remember that afterward, even though I had had lunch just an hour or so before I ate the apple, that I was more hungry after I ate the apple.
luswim06 at 10:14AM on 12/14/08
These comments were enlightening. Haven't thought about apples, but the Russian Tea, popular in the 70s, made with orange juice, tea bags, lemon juice and spices always made me so hungry. Very interesting comments.
sarash at 10:52AM on 12/14/08
This is so funny! I've mentioned this to several other people and they have all looked at me like I'm crazy. Granny smith apples are my favorite, but they make me the hungriest. Also, a couple of people mentioned feeling hungry after eating carrots....does anybody else get hiccups from them, too? I love snacking on baby carrots, so i have to just accept the hiccups.
CassieRose at 6:37PM on 12/14/08
Thank god...I thoughtI was crazy. I often wondered why friends would have an apple to tide them over until a meal. I feel like I haven't eaten for days right after I eat an apple. I always thought the pectin was supposed to make you feel full, though. Makes me want to eat a cow.
Soigne at 12:49AM on 12/15/08